Cisco (NASDAQ: CSCO) enables people to make powerful connections--whether in business, education, philanthropy, or creativity. Cisco hardware, software, and service offerings are used to create the Internet solutions that make networks possible--providing easy access to information anywhere, at any time. Cisco was founded in 1984 by a small group of computer scientists from Stanford University. Since the company's inception, Cisco engineers have been leaders in the development of Internet Protocol (IP)-based networking technologies. Today, with more than 71,000 employees worldwide, this tradition of innovation continues with industry-leading products and solutions in the company's core development areas of routing and switching, as well as in advanced technologies such as home networking, IP telephony, optical networking, security, storage area networking, and wireless technology. In addition to its products, Cisco provides a broad range of service offerings, including technical support and advanced services. Cisco sells its products and services, both directly through its own sales force as well as through its channel partners, to large enterprises, commercial businesses, service providers, and consumers.

NEC Laboratories America, Inc. (NEC Labs), with locations in Princeton, New Jersey and San Jose, California is the US-based part of NEC Corporation’s global network of corporate R&D laboratories. Our mission is to create technology innovations that contribute to society. We collaborate with customers to understand their needs and to validate our ideas for solutions. We partner with NEC business units to bring our innovations to the market. Our driving force is a shared passion for innovations. We strive to cultivate an open, friendly, and fun work environment with minimal overhead. NEC Corporation is a leader in the integration of IT and network technologies that benefit businesses and people around the world. By providing a combination of products and solutions that cross utilize the company's experience and global resources, NEC's advanced technologies meet the complex and ever-changing needs of its customers. NEC brings more than 100 years of expertise in technological innovation to empower people, businesses and society

Throughout our 100-year history, Nokia Bell Labs has overcome some of the world’s biggest scientific challenges by bringing together the brightest minds in mathematics, physics, computing and engineering. We identify a problem, and then commit our best people to find a solution. As Nokia’s industrial research lab, we innovate with purpose, pursuing responsible, sustainable technologies that will have a demonstrable impact on society. And we believe the best research is done in an inclusive, collaborative manner, taking multiple diverse points of view into account